What is Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer develops when normal cells in the breast begin to grow uncontrollably, forming a mass or lump known as a tumor:
- Non-invasive breast cancer (Stage 0): At this stage, cancer cells are contained within the ducts or lobules of the breast and have not spread to surrounding tissues. This is also known as in situ carcinoma.
- Invasive breast cancer: Cancer cells have spread beyond the ducts or lobules into the surrounding breast tissue, and potentially, to nearby lymph nodes or distant organs.
- Commonality: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women and primarily affects women over the age of 50. Though rare, men can also develop breast cancer, accounting for about 1% of all cases.
Is Breast Cancer the Same for Everyone?
No, breast cancer can vary based on its stage and spread.
- Early breast cancer: In the early stages, the cancer is limited to the breast or nearby lymph nodes (Stages 0 to IIA).
- Locally advanced breast cancer: Here, the cancer has spread to nearby tissues or lymph nodes but remains within the breast region (Stages IIB/III).
- Metastatic breast cancer: When the cancer spreads to distant organs like the bones, liver, or lungs, it is referred to as metastatic or Stage IV cancer.
- Advanced breast cancer: This term encompasses both inoperable locally advanced breast cancer and metastatic breast cancer.
Symptoms to Watch Out For:
A lump in the breast or armpit
Changes in the size or shape of the breast
Dimpling or thickening of the skin
Nipple inversion or discharge
Redness or rash around the nipple
Unexplained breast pain
While these symptoms don’t always indicate cancer, it’s essential to consult a doctor if you notice any of these changes.
How Can You Reduce the Risk of Breast Cancer?
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help lower your risk:
- Get 7-8 hours of sleep daily.
- Follow a balanced diet, rich in fruits and vegetables.
- Limit foods high in saturated fats and avoid obesity by keeping your weight within the healthy BMI range.
- Stay physically active and exercise regularly.
- Be mindful of environmental carcinogens.
- Avoid tobacco, areca nut, and exposure to secondhand smoke.
- Limit alcohol consumption.
- Steer clear of spicy, fried, or highly processed foods and avoid very hot beverages.
- Manage stress and maintain an active lifestyle.
How is Breast Cancer Diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests, and a biopsy.
- Clinical breast examination
A doctor will examine your breasts and lymph nodes, review your medical history, and may conduct blood tests.
- Imaging:
Mammography:
A low-dose x-ray helps detect early signs of cancer by capturing images of the breast tissue.
A low-dose x-ray helps detect early signs of cancer by capturing images of the breast tissue.
Ultrasound:
High-frequency sound waves create detailed images to determine if a lump is solid or a cyst.
High-frequency sound waves create detailed images to determine if a lump is solid or a cyst.
MRI:
Magnetic fields and radio waves generate detailed internal images, especially useful in specific cases.
Magnetic fields and radio waves generate detailed internal images, especially useful in specific cases.
Biopsy:
If cancer is suspected, a small sample of the tumor is taken and analyzed to confirm the diagnosis. Biopsy results help determine the type, grade, and characteristics of the tumor, which guide treatment decisions.
If cancer is suspected, a small sample of the tumor is taken and analyzed to confirm the diagnosis. Biopsy results help determine the type, grade, and characteristics of the tumor, which guide treatment decisions.